Государство будущего

В основе этой книги лежит выступление в Центре поэзии, Нью-Йорк, 16 февраля 1970 года.

Примечания

1. Wilhelm von Humboldt, Limits of State Action, J. W. Burrow, ed. (London: Cambridge University Press, 1969), chap. 7, p. 68.

2. Von Humboldt, Limits of State Action, chap. 8, p. 76.

3. Von Humboldt, Limits of State Action, chap. 7, p. 62 and chap. 3, p. 19.

4. Von Humboldt, Limits of State Action, chap. 3, p. 19.

5. Von Humboldt, Limits of State Action, chap. 3, p. 22.

6. Von Humboldt, “Ideas on Constitutional Statehood, Incited by the New French Constitution” (from a Letter to a Friend, August 1791), cited in Marianne Cowan, ed., Humanist Without Portfolio: An Anthology (Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1964).

7. Cited in Shlomo Avineri, The Social and Political Thought of Karl Marx (London: Cambridge University Press, 1968), p. 142, referring to comments in The Holy Family. See Robert C. Tucker, ed., The Marx-Engels Reader, 2nd ed. (New York: W. W. Norton, 1972), pp. 133–35.

8. Karl Marx, Critique of the Gotha Program, part I, sec. 3. In Tucker, ed., The Marx – Engel Reader, p. 388.

9. Karl Marx, Capital, part 5, chap 25, sec. 4. In Tucker, ed. The Marx-Engels Reader, p. 310.

10. Rudolf Rocker, Anarcho-Syndicalism: Theory and Practice (Oakland: AK Press, 2004), p. 10.

11. Karl Polanyi, The Great Transformation: The Political and Economic Origins of Our Time (Boston: Beacon Press, 1957), p. 3.

12. Polanyi, The Great Transformation, p. 176.

13. Simon Linguet, Théorie des lois civiles (London, 1767), pp. 274, 464, 466,470–71, cited in Karl Marx, Theories of Surplus Value [Volume IV of Capital, Part I (1863), S. Ryazanskaya, ed., Emile Burns, trans. (Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1963), chap. 7, pp. 346, 348, 349.

14. Cited in Martin Buber, Paths in Utopia (Boston: Beacon Press, 1958), p. 19.

15. Von Humboldt, The Limits of State Action, chap. 16, p. 137.

16. Jean-Jacques Rousseau, First and Second Discourses, R. D. Masters, ed. (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1964), p. 179.

17. Von Humboldt, Limits of State Action, chap. 11, pp. 99–100.

18. Octave Mirbeau, quoted in James Joll, The Anarchists (Boston: Little, Brown, 1965), pp. 145–46.

19. Quoted in Daniel Guenn, Anarchism: From Theory to Practice, Mary Klopper, trans. (New York: Monthly Review, 1970), p. 12.

20. Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, What Is Рrореrty? Benjamin R. Tucker, trans. (New York: Howard Fertig, Inc., 1966), chap. 1, p. 12.

21. Anton Pannekoek, «Theses On The Fight Of The Working Class Against Capitalism» (1947). Online at: http://www.marxists.org/archive/pannekoek/1947/theses-fight.htm. Transcribed from Southern Advocate for Workers Councils, Melbourne, Australia, no. 33, May 1947.

22. See V. I. Lenin, Left-Wing Communism: An Infantile Disorder (Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1964).

23. William Paul, The State: Its Origins and Function (Glasgow: Socialist Labour Press, 1918), pp. 197–98.

24. Informations Correspondance Ouvriere.

25. A later version of this paper is available online: Walter Kendall, “State Ownership, Workers’ Control and Socialism,” paper presented at the First International Sociological Conference on Participation and Self-Management, Dubrovnik, December 13–17, 1972 (http://www.whatnextjournal.co.uk/Pages/Newint/Kendall2.html).

26. Letter from Engels to Philipp Van Patten, April 18, 1883. Available online at: http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/i883/letters/83_04_i8.htm.

27. The preface to the German edition of 1872. In Tucker, ed., The Marx-Engels Reader, pp. 469–70.

28. Quoted in Guenn, Anarchism, p. 25.

29. Quoted in Guerin, Anarchism, pp. 25–26.

30. Fernand Pelloutier, “Anarchism and the Workers’ Unions,” in Daniel Guerin, ed., No Gods, No Masters, 2 vols. (Oakland: AK Press, 1998), vol. 2, p. 55.

31. Buber, Paths in Utopia, p. 127.

32. V. I. Lenin, Sochineniya (Works), 5th ed. (Moscow: Institute of Marxism-Leninism, 1958–65), vol. 44, pp. 9 and 418. Quoted in Moshe Lewin, Lenin’s Last Struggle, A. M. Sheridan Smith, trans. (New York: Pantheon, 1968), p. 4.

33. Rousseau, First and Second Discourses, p. 164.

34. Rousseau, First and Second Discourses, p. 165.

35. Immanuel Kant, Religion within the Limits of Reason Alone, 1793, Book 4, Part 2, Section 3.

36. Wilhelm von Humboldt, Limits of State Action, chap. 16. p. 43.

37. Von Humboldt, Limits of State Action, chap. 3, p. 18.

38. Rosa Luxemburg, “Organizational Questions of the Russian Social Democracy [‘Leninism or Marxism?’]” (1904), Pan II. Available online at: http://www.marxists.org/archive/luxemburg/1904/questions-rsd/index.htm.

39. Carl Kaysen, “The Social Significance of the Modern Corporation,” American Economic Review, May 1957, pp. 313–314.

40. See Ralph Miliband, The State in Capitalist Society (London: Weidenfield & Nicolson, 1969).

41. Richard J. Barnet, The Economy of Death (New York: Atheneum, 1969), p. 97.

42. House Report 1406, 87th Cong., 2nd sess., 1962, p. 7.

43. Arthur H. Vandenberg, Jr., The Private Papers of Senator Vandenberg (Boston: Houghton-Mifflin, 1952), p. 504.

44. Robert McNamara, The Essence of Security (New York: Harper & Row, 1968), pp. 109–10.

45. McNamara, The Essence of Security, p. no.

46. Economic Concentration, Hearings Before the Subcommittee on Antitrust and Monopoly of the Committee on the Judiciary, U.S. Senate, 91st Congress, 1st Session (1969), Part 8a.

47. Leo Model, “The Politics of Private Foreign Investment,” Foreign Affairs, June 1967, p. 641.

48. George W. Ball, The Discipline of Power: Essentials of a Modem World Structure (Boston: Atlantic Monthly Press, 1968).

49. W. Y. Elliot, ed., The Political Economy of American Foreign Polic§y (New York: Henry Holt and Co., 1955), p. 42.

50. Quoted in Barnet, The Economy of Death, p. 116.

51. Alfred D. Chandler, Jr., “The Role of Business in the United States: A Historical Survey,” Daedalus, winter 1969, p. 36.

52. Chandler, Jr., “The Role of Business in the United States,” p. 36.

53. Joseph Monsen, “The American Business View,” Daedalus, winter 1969, p. 162.

54. Bernard Nossiter, “Arms Firms See Postwar Spurt,” Washington Post, December 8, 1968, pp. ai, ai8.

55. Townsend Hoopes, “The Nuremberg Suggestion,” Washington Monthly, January 1970, p. 20.

56. Eugene Rostow, Law, Power and the Pursuit of Power (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1968), pp. 13, 17, 47.

57. “Pudd’nhead Wilson’s New Calendar,” from Following the Equator, in Tom Quirk, ed., Tales, Speeches, Essays, and Sketches (New York: Penguin, 1994), p. 201.

58. “The Civil War in France,” in Tucker, ed., The Marx-Engels Reader, p. 630.

59. Joseph Schumpetet, Capitalism, Socialism, and Democracy (New York: Harper & Row, 1950), pp. 269, 283.

Особая благодарность Кришне Пагадале за расшифровку текста, Пабло Стаффорини за исправления и ссылки и Кристель Якаки за замечательную исследовательскую работу.

Ноам Хомский – выдающийся американский лингвист, психолог, философ, публицист, оказавший влияние на развитие науки о языке во всем мире, на современную психологию и социальные науки.

Родился в 1928 году в Филадельфии, штат Пенсильвания, в семье выходцев из Российской Империи. Несмотря на преклонный возраст, Хомский по сей день активно высказывается о проблемах современности, он был одним из главных ораторов на Всемирном социальном форуме 2002 года.

Критика государства и, в частности, внешней политики США, начиная с книги о вьетнамской войне и кончая так называемой борьбой с терроризмом, принесла ему славу и поддержку среди левых и других оппозиционно настроенных сил. Непримиримый к любым формам государственного насилия, Хомский одинаково нетерпим к капитализму и социализму в их сегодняшних воплощениях. В этой небольшой книге Хомский рассматривает противостояние различных концепций государства и излагает суть либертарианской идеи, сторонником которой является.