2. Что лучше: учить пациента принимать реальность во всех ее (даже самых мрачных) проявлениях - или учить принимать только те угнетающие аспекты жизни, которые его непосредственно касаются?
3. Только ли людям, склонным к депрессиям, помогает антидогматический тренинг и акцентуация гибкого, научного мышления?
4. Усиливаются ли в своем проявлении общие формы перцептивных и понятийных нарушений, такие как персонализация и сверхгенерализация, когда люди с депрессией усваивают абсолютистские долженствования?
5. Будут ли депрессивные пациенты, обученные строго придерживаться желаний и предпочтений вместо долженствований и требований, выздоравливать более быстро и стабильно, чем в тех случаях, когда терапия не содержит такого рода обучения?
ЗаключениеКритика РЭТ (и даже придирки), часто исходящая от ее ведущих практиков, показывает, что рационально-эмотивная терапия обладает определенными недостатками и нужно провести еще много исследований, прежде чем ее теории и техники смогут получить полное одобрение. Далее в тех случаях, когда обнаруживается, что люди, страдающие глубокими депрессиями, отказываются от своих догматических долженствований и требований и тем самым значительно улучшают свое состояние, необходимы контрольные исследования для сравнения с улучшениями состояния тех депрессивных пациентов, которые:
а) изменяют свои нереалистичные, алогичные и прочие иррациональные представления,
б) получают лучшее положительное подкрепление,
в) переживают улучшение их жизненной обстановки,
г) устанавливают хорошие отношения с терапевтом.
Все эти исследования были бы хорошей проверкой реального значения «тирании должного», которой уделяется так много внимания в рационально-эмотивной терапии.
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